| Jedburgh | |
| Scottish Gaelic: Deadard | |
| Scots: Jeddart, Jethart | |
"Strenue et Prospere", Earnestly and Successfully |
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Jedburgh
Jedburgh shown within the Scottish Borders |
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| Population | 4,090 |
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| OS grid reference | NT6520 |
| - Edinburgh | 40.899 mi (65.821 km) |
| - London | 292.766 mi (471.161 km) |
| Council area | Scottish Borders |
| Lieutenancy area | Roxburgh, Ettrick and Lauderdale |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | JEDBURGH |
| Postcode district | TD8 |
| Dialling code | 01835 |
| Police | Lothian and Borders |
| Fire | Lothian and Borders |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| EU Parliament | Scotland |
| UK Parliament | Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk |
| Scottish Parliament | Roxburgh and Berwickshire |
| Website | http://www.jedburgh.org.uk/ |
| List of places: UK • Scotland • | |
Jedburgh (Scots: Jeddart/Jethart,[1] Scottish Gaelic: Deadard[2]) is a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders and historically in Roxburghshire.
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Jedburgh lies on the Jed Water, a tributary of the River Teviot, it is only ten miles from the border with England and is dominated by the substantial ruins of Jedburgh Abbey. Other notable buildings in the town include Mary, Queen of Scots' House and Jedburgh Castle Jail, now a museum.
A church had been at Jedburgh since the 9th century, founded by Bishop Ecgred of Lindisfarne, and king David I of Scotland made it a priory between 1118 and 1138, housing Augustinian monks from Beauvais in France. The abbey itself was founded in 1147. Border wars with England in the 16th century left the abbey a magnificent ruin, still worth a visit today.
The deeply religious Scottish king Malcolm IV died at Jedburgh in 1165, aged 24. His death was thought to be brought on by excessive fasting.
David I had also erected a castle at Jedburgh, and in 1174, it was one of five fortresses ceded to England. It was an occasional royal residence for the Scots but captured by the English so often that it was eventually demolished in 1409, when it was the last English stronghold in Scotland.
In 1258 Jedburgh had also been the focus of royal attention, with negotiations between Scotland's Alexander III and England's Henry III over the heir to the Scottish throne, leaving the Comyn faction dominant. Alexander III was also to marry at the abbey in 1285.
Its proximity to England made it historically subject to raids and skirmishes by both Scottish and English forces.
Mary, Queen of Scots, stayed at a house in the town in 1566 which is now a museum.
Lord of Jedburgh Forest was a Lordship of Parliament that was granted to George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus on the occasion of his marriage to the Princess Mary, daughter of Robert III in 1397. It is subsidiary title of the present Earl of Angus, the Duke of Hamilton. The Duke of Douglas was raised to the position of Viscount Jedburgh Forest, but he died without heir in 1761.
In 1745, the Jacobite army led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart passed through the town on its way to England, and the Prince also stayed here. The Castle Prison opened in 1823.
In 1787 the early geologist James Hutton noted what is now known as the Hutton Unconformity[3] at Inchbonny, near Jedburgh.[4][5] Layers of sedimentary rock which are tilted almost vertically are covered by newer horizontal layers of red sandstone.[6] This was one of the findings that led him to develop his concept of an immensely long geologic time scale with "no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end."[3]
The expression "Jeddart justice" or "Jethart Justice", where a man was hanged first, and tried afterward (compare Lynch law), seems to have arisen from one case of summary execution of a gang of villains.
Several notable people were born in the town, including Mary Somerville (1780–1872), the eminent scientist and writer, after whom Somerville College, Oxford named.
Others include Conservative MP, Michael Ancram in 1945. James Thomson (1700–1748) who wrote "Rule Britannia" was born nearby, and educated in the town. David Brewster, physicist, mathematician, scientist, writer and inventor of the kaleidoscope was born in Jedburgh in 1781. Alexander Jeffrey (F.S.A. Scot.) worked as a solicitor in the town and was also the county historian. He died in Jedburgh in 1874. The authoress and broadcaster Lavinia Derwent was born in a farmhouse a few miles outside Jedburgh in 1909.
According to the Scottish Barony Register and Burke's Peerage, the feudal baronial title of Baron of Jedbugh Forest is held by The Much Hon Richard Bruce Bernadotte Miller, a South African whose ancestors originated form Roxburghshire.
The town's most famous rugby sons are the scrum-halves, Roy Laidlaw and Gary Armstrong.
The town's population in 2001 was 4,090 although this has now dropped to around 4,000.
The ruined abbey was the site of a major archaeological dig in 1984. It is maintained by Historic Scotland and open to the public (entrance charge). Many of the more important finds from the excavation are displayed on site in the modern visitor centre attached to the Abbey ruins. The Abbey, though much damaged over the years, especially by invasions from England, is still one of the finest late Norman buildings remaining in Scotland. Now roofless, part of the church was used as the parish church into the 19th century. Jedburgh Castle Jail, built in the early 19th century on the site of the medieval castle, is also open to the public. Borders traditions like the annual Callant's Rideout and bands of pipes and drums add local colour, and delicacies include Jethart Snails and Jethart Pears. Another annual event is the Jethart Hand Ba' game. The Canongate Brig dates from the 16th century, and there are some fine riverside walks. The Capon Oak Tree is reputed to be 2000 years old, and Newgate Prison and the town spire are among the town's older buildings. The town's industries included textiles, tanning and glove-making, grain mills, and electrical engineering. Central to the festival and customs associated with the town of Jedburgh are the Jedforest Instrumental Band who support many civic, religious and social events throughout the year, a service provided consistently since 1854.
Free Wi-Fi has been provided around the town since the summer of 2008.[7]
Although Jedburgh has no rail access it is well located on the road network. The A68 provides direct access to Edinburgh (48 miles) and Newcastle-upon-Tyne (58 miles). Carlisle is 57 miles away and Hawick, Kelso, Selkirk and Galashiels are all within 20 miles.
Jedburgh is well known to motorists in both Edinburgh and Newcastle-upon-Tyne as Jedburgh is a control town to direct road traffic on the A68.
Bus services to Jedburgh are mainly provided by local operator Munro's of Jedburgh.[8]
Rugby Union is the sport of choice for this town. The town is home to one of the most famous and oldest Rugby Clubs in Scotland, Jed-Forest. Under-18 "Semi Junior" rugby is played by Jed Thistle at Lothian Park. Also football is represented by Jed Legion FC which currently plays in 'B' League of the Border Amateur League.[9] They play their home matches at Woodend. Ancrum AFC play in the village of Ancrum just to the north and include many players from Jedburgh and are in the Border Amateur 'B' League. A Bowling Club is located at Allars Mill. Cricket was once also played at Woodend but the club disbanded in the late 80s. Many sports activities are offered in Jedburgh to children including rugby, football, swimming and badminton amongst others.
Jedburgh has the distinction of being the only Border town to have a dry ski slope. Built at Anna Road Sports Complex which also has two tennis courts, a small outdoor football pitch, a 100m sprint track and a sand pit for long jump and triple jump. Canoes are also available for the towns Secondary school pupils at Jedburgh Grammar School which adjoins the complex and a "rock" for climbing and abseiling, although not very high it gives a taster.
A local speciality, this is a brown mint-flavoured boiled sweet. The recipe is believed to have been brought to the town by French prisoners of the Napoleonic War. The Cafe which sells the product is called the 'Brown Sugar Coffee Shop'.
Other towns of interest include Kelso, Hawick, Galashiels, Selkirk, and Melrose. There are abbeys at Melrose, Kelso and Dryburgh, and Kelso boasts a fine cobbled square.
All the border towns are famous for their rugby union, and Galashiels has associations with William Wallace and Robert the Bruce. Selkirk is where William Wallace was declared Guardian of Scotland and has many links to the Earls of Douglas, where some of his descendents live to this day and Melrose was the scene of a battle in 1526 over the stewardship of James V.